Human Factors/Applied Cognition: Genetic modulation of cognitive and brain aging, interventions for cognitive aging (behavioral and non-invasive brain stimulation).
Dr. Greenwood received her PhD at SUNY Stony Brook under Michael Gazzaniga. She went on to a post-doctoral fellowship at the West Haven VA and Yale University to learn event-related potential techniques with Truett Allison and W.R. Goff and conduct basic research on somatic event-related potentials. She eventually moved to Catholic University in Washington, DC, to study attention using both electrophysiology and behavioral methods in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. There, she and Raja Parasuraman developed a large-scale study of the genetics of normal and pathological cognitive aging as a function of Alzheimer’s susceptibility genes and neurotransmission genes. These efforts have evolved to include investigations into ways to ameliorate cognitive aging and broadened into investigations of the principles important in successful cognitive training in general.
We are currently focused on (a) understanding the relation between cognitive change and brain change over the course of cognitive training, and (b) understanding how training-related cognitive change is related to change in cortical thickness, white matter integrity, and functioning connectivity, particularly in ventral and dorsal attention networks. Further, we are investigating the modulation of cognitive training with non-invasive brain stimulation.
Greenwood, P.M. & Baldwin, C.L. (2022) Preferred Sources of Information, Knowledge, and Acceptance of Automated Vehicle Systems: Effects of Gender and Age. Front. Psychol. 13:806552. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.806552
Greenwood, P.M., Lenneman, J.K. & Baldwin, C.L. (2022) Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS): Demographics, preferred sources of information, and accuracy of ADAS knowledge. Transportation Research Part F: Psychology and Behaviour.
Greenwood, P.M. (2020) Far Transfer and Cognitive Training: Examination of Two Hypotheses on Mechanisms, In The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging, Gutchess & Thomas, Eds., Cambridge University Press.
Baldwin, C., Lewis, B., Greenwood, P.M. (2019) Designing Transportation Systems for Older Adults. CRC Press.
Greenwood, P.M., Schmidt, K., Lin, M.-K., Lipsky, R., Parasuraman, R., Jankord, R. A functional promoter variant of the human formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD) gene is associated with working memory performance in young but not older adults. Neuropsychology, 2018 Nov;32(8):973-984. doi: 10.1037/neu0000470. Epub 2018 Jun 21.PMID:29927301.
Greenwood, P.M., Blumberg, E., Scheldrup, M. Hypothesis for cognitive effects of transcranial direct current stimulation: Externally- and internally-directed cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Nov 15. pii: S0149-7634(17)30004-0. doi: 10.1016/
Foroughi CK, Monfort SS, Paczynski M, McKnight PE, Greenwood PM. Placebo effects in cognitive training. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Jul 5;113(27):7470-4. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1601243113
Greenwood, P.M. & Parasuraman, R. (2016) Mechanisms of far transfer from cognitive training: Review and hypothesis. Neuropsychology, Sep;30(6):742-55. doi: 10.1037/neu0000235.
Rovira, E., Mackie, R.S., Clark, N., Squire, P.N., Pulido, A. Hendricks, M., & Greenwood, P.M. (2017) A Role for Attention During Wilderness Navigation: Comparing Effects of BDNF, KIBRA, and CHRNA4.
Neuropsychology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/neu0000277
Greenwood, P.M. , Lin, M.-K., Sundarajan, R., Fryxell, K.J., Parasuraman, R. (2014) Healthy aging increases the cognitive effects of two genes that influence extracellular dopamine. Psychology and Aging, 29(2):363-73. doi: 10.1037/a0036109.
Strenziok, M., Parasuraman, R., Clarke, E., Cisler, D.S., Thompson J.C., Greenwood P.M. (2014). Neurocognitive enhancement in older adults: Comparison of three cognitive training tasks to test a hypothesis of training transfer in brain connectivity, Neuroimage; DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.069.
Scheldrup, M., Greenwood, P.M., McKendrick, R., Strohl, J., Bikson, M., Alam, M., McKinley, R.A., Parasuraman, R. (2014) Transcranial direct current stimulation facilitates cognitive multi-task performance differentially depending on anode location and subtask. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. Sep 8;8:665. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00665. eCollection 2014.
Greenwood, P.M. & Parasuraman, R. (2012) Nurturing the Older Brain and Mind. MIT Press.
Greenwood, P. M., Parasuraman, R., & Espeseth, T. (2012). A cognitive phenotype for the nicotinic receptor gene CHRNA4 rs1044396. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 36, 1331-1341.
Greenwood, P. M., Lin, M. K., Sundararajan, R., Fryxell, K. J., & Parasuraman, R. (2009). Synergistic effects of genetic variation in nicotinic and muscarinic receptors on visual attention but not working memory. Proceeding of the Natlonal Academy of Sciences, USA, 106(9), 3633-3638.
Greenwood, P.M. (2007). Functional plasticity in cognitive aging: Review and hypothesis. Neuropsychology, 21, 657-673. (Published with open peer commentary).
B.S. University of Illinois 1969 Psychology
Ph.D. State University of New York at Stony Brook 1977 Physiol. Psychology
Postdoctoral training in Electrophysiology 1977-1980 Yale University, Neurology
Greenwood, P.M. Invited “State of the Science” talk at Cognitive Aging Conference, April 6, 2014, in Atlanta Georga. Title of talk “Heterogeneity in cognitive aging: genetics and epigenetics.”
Scheldrup, M., Strohl, J., Vance, J., Walker, D., Greenwood, P.G., Parasuraman, R. Transcranial direct current stimulation exerts selective benefits on executive control in a complex task whether prefrontal or motor cortex is stimulated. Cognitive Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting, 2013
Scheldrup, M., Vance, J., Glazier, S., Darmini, Y., McKinley, R.A., Parasuraman, R., Greenwood, P. Transcranial direct current stimulation and acquisition of a complex task; effect of stimulation timing during training. Cognitive Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting, 2014
Scheldrup, M., Vance, J., McKinley, R.A., Bikson, M., Parasuraman, R., Greenwood, P.G. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation differentially influences implicit and explicit memory in a multi-task. To be presented to Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC 2014.
Cisler, D., Strenziok, M., Parasuraman, R. Greenwood, P.M. Intensive working memory training transfers to everyday functioning and alters connectivity between the dorsal and ventral attention networks. To be presented to Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC 2014
Clayton, E., Cisler, D., McKinley, R., Bikson, M., Greenwood,P.M., Parasuraman, R. Comparison of cognitive training vs transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on performance of a “Cyber Defense” multi-task. To be presented to Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC 2014
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